2 Process Theories of Motivation - 1526 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Motivation theories are primarily divided into two major types which are the content theories and the process theories. This report aims to critically evaluate two process theories of motivation which is the Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom and the Equity Theory by John Stacy Adams. The methodologies used in this report include a study and analysis of textbooks, writings and journals from the internet. As a conclusion, the question is not whether each of these approaches to motivation works, but where and when they work best. TABLE OF CONTENTS *Approximately 2,400 *words *excluding* diagrams and tables. INTRODUCTION What is Motivation? The word motivation is coined†¦show more content†¦Conversely, if he or she sees low productivity as path to the achievement of his or her goals, he or she will tend to be a low producer. Lyman W. Porter and Edward E. Lawler developed a more complete version of motivation depending upon expectancy theory. {draw:frame} Act ual performance in a job is primarily determined by the effort spent. But it is also affected by the person’s ability to do the job and also by individual’s perception of what the required task is. So performance is the responsible factor that leads to intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards. These rewards, along with the equity of individual leadto satisfaction. The conclusions that can be drawn from this theory are: Individuals will only act when they have a reasonable expectation that their behaviour will lead to the desired outcome. Effort alone is not sufficient. It has to be accompanied by ability and skill. Job satisfaction results from effective job performance rather than the other way round. Job design is therefore of crucial importance as it affects the workers motivation directly. {text:list-item} Personal Traits One variable that organisations are not able to affect directly is that which is int rinsic to the individual: the person’s â€Å"locus of control† and, obviously, any other personality traits. 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